Pollinator use of prairie strips compared to other non-crop, perennial habitat in an agricultural landscape

Author(s): Caroline Siebert, Matthew O'Neal, John Tyndall

Abstract:

We sought to understand pollinator use of prairie strips compared to other non-crop, perennial habitat (i.e., grass waterways, field borders along road right-of-ways) in an agricultural landscape. Considering that prairie strips are planted with a diverse mix of native plants (30+ species), we hypothesized that prairie strips would have a greater abundance of floral resources and more milkweed than other grassy areas on farms (i.e. control sites). We hypothesized farm fields with prairie strips would have a greater richness and diversity of wild bees and syrphids at farm fields with prairie strips than fields without, and that native bees, syrphids, and monarch butterflies would also be more active within them. We also assessed if the non-native honey bee was active in the prairie strips and if this activity varied compared to the control sites. Data comparing the health and productivity of honey bees kept at both site types is the subject of a future manuscript (but see Zhang 2020 for a summary). To test these hypotheses, we assessed the diversity and abundance of blooming flowers, with a focus on milkweed, along randomly established transects within prairie strips and other grassy areas at comparison sites. We assessed if native bees, honey bees, and syrphids were active at prairie strip and comparison sites using modified pan traps (i.e., bee bowls) placed along transects. We also conducted Pollard walks along transects to determine the abundance of adult monarch butterflies.

Funder: Foundation for Food and Agricultural Research

Award Title:

Impact of Prairie on Reducing Interacting Stressors on Pollinator Health

Award Number: 549025

Keywords:

Apis mellifera, CP-43, Danaus plexippus, bee bowl, monarch, native bee, prairie strip, syrphid

Project (Abbreviated name):

STRIPS_Tyndall_pollinators

Team: STRIPS

Geographic Location:

Individual farms located in Story, Wright, Webster, and Tama counties in Iowa, USA.

Families:

Andrenidae, Apiaceae, Apidae, Apocynaceae, Asteraceae, Colletidae, Commelinaceae, Fabaceae, Halictidae, Lamiaceae, Megachilidae, Nymphalidae, Polemoniaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Syrphidae, Verbenaceae

Species:

Agapostemon texanus, Agapostemon virescens, Andrena canadensis, Andrena crataegi, Andrena cressonii, Andrena geranii, Andrena krigiana, Apis mellifera, Asclepias incarnata, Asclepias syriaca, Asclepias tuberosa, Augochlora pura, Augochlorella aurata, Augo

Full Metadata:

STRIPS_Tyndall_pollinators_metadata.pdf (795.15 KB)

Data Mirror:

GitHub repository

Data Table Column Names and Descriptions

Table Name	Column Name	Data Type	Units	Column Description
data.fl_early_june_2019_raw	alfalfa	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_early_june_2019_raw	black medic	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_early_june_2019_raw	common milkweed ramet	float	number	Common milkweed stems refers to the number of common milkweed stems (flowering or not) that are counted while doing the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_early_june_2019_raw	dandelion	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_early_june_2019_raw	golden alexander	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_early_june_2019_raw	purple clover	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_early_june_2019_raw	site	string	NA	The site where the transect was located.
data.fl_early_june_2019_raw	strips	string	NA	Indicator for whether the site had prairie strips or not. Strips/control fields for the same site were located in the same county at least 3.2 km apart.
data.fl_early_june_2019_raw	survey date	dateTime	YYYY-MM-DD	The date was recorded according to the calendar date of the field survey and refers explicitly to the day the data was collected in the field.
data.fl_early_june_2019_raw	white clover	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_early_june_2019_raw	wild parsnip	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_early_june_2019_raw	year	float	number	The year of the study, beginning with year 1 in 2018.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	chicory	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	compassplant	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	ox-eye	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	partridge pea	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	prickly lettuce	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	sawtooth sunflower	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	site	string	NA	The site where the transect was located.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	smooth blue aster	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	stiff goldenrod	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	strips	string	NA	Indicator for whether the site had prairie strips or not. Strips/control fields for the same site were located in the same county at least 3.2 km apart.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	survey date	dateTime	YYYY-MM-DD	The date was recorded according to the calendar date of the field survey and refers explicitly to the day the data was collected in the field.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	tall goldenrod	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	white heath aster	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	year	float	number	The year of the study, beginning with year 1 in 2018.
data.fl_sept_2019_raw	yellow coneflower	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	aesclepias syriaca common milkweed	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	butterfly milkweed ram	float	number	Butterfly milkweed stems refers to the number of butterfly milkweed stems (flowering or not) that are counted while doing the nectar resoure survey.
data.monarch_2018	chamaecrista fasciculata partridge pea	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	cichorium chickory	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	cirsium spp thistle	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	common milkweed ram	float	number	Common milkweed stems refers to the number of common milkweed stems (flowering or not) that are counted while doing the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	convolulus morning glory	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	dalea purpurea purple clover	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	desmodium canadense showy tick trefoil	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	echinacea pallida pale purple coneflower	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	egg ct butterfly	float	number	The number of eggs counted on butterfly milkweed is determined by summing the total number of eggs observed on the 10 or fewer surveyed butterfly milkweed.
data.monarch_2018	egg ct common	float	number	The number of eggs counted on common milkweed is determined by summing the total number of eggs observed on the 10 or fewer surveyed common milkweed.
data.monarch_2018	egg ct swamp	float	number	The number of eggs counted on swamp milkweed is determined by summing the total number of eggs observed on the 10 or fewer surveyed swamp milkweed.
data.monarch_2018	extra monarch ct	float	number	Extra Monarch Count is determined by the number of adult monarchs observed outside of the 20 minute observational survey anywhere in the prairie strip or control site (ditch or grass waterway). These individuals are not double counted in the timed observational survey.
data.monarch_2018	heliopsis helianthoides ox-eye	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	in plot monarch ct	float	number	In plot monarch count fluttering is the number of adult monarchs observed flying within the transect during the 20 min observational survey. This count is done by one individual who counts each individual that flies into the transect, without double counting any individuals.
data.monarch_2018	lactuca serriola prickly lettuce	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	larvae ct buttefly	float	number	The number of larvae counted on butterfly milkweed is determined by summing the total number of larvae (all instars) that were observed on the 10 or fewer surveyed butterfly milkweed.
data.monarch_2018	larvae ct common	float	number	The number of larvae counted on common milkweed is determined by summing the total number of larvae (all instars) that were observed on the 10 or fewer surveyed common milkweed.
data.monarch_2018	larvae ct swamp	float	number	The number of larvae counted on swamp milkweed is determined by summing the total number of larvae (all instars) that were observed on the 10 or fewer surveyed swamp milkweed.
data.monarch_2018	liatris pycnostachya prairie blazing star	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	melilotus officinalis yellow sweetclover	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	monarda fistulosa wild bergamot	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	number butterfly surveyed	float	number	Number of butterflymilkweed surveyed refers to the number of butterfly milkweed surveyed for larvae and eggs. This number cannot exceed 10.
data.monarch_2018	number common surveyed	float	number	Number of common milkweed surveyed refers to the number of common milkweed stems that were surveyed for larvae and eggs. This number cannot exceed 10.
data.monarch_2018	number swamp surveyed	float	number	Number of swamp milkweed surveyed refers to the number of swamp milkweed stems that were surveyed for larvae and eggs. This number cannot exceed 10.
data.monarch_2018	out plot monarch ct	float	number	Out plot monarch count is the number of adult monarchs observed outside the transect during the 20 min observational survey. This count is done by one individual who counts each individual visible somewhere outside the transect, but never within the transect, without double counting any individuals.
data.monarch_2018	pastinaca sativa wild parsnip	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	phlox pilosa prairie phlox	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	prairie strips	string	NA	Indicator for whether the site had prairie strips or not. Strips/control fields for the same site were located in the same county at least 3.2 km apart.
data.monarch_2018	ratibida pinnata yellow coneflower	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	rudbeckia hirta black-eyed susan	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	silphium laciniatum compass plant	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	silphium perfoliatum cup plant	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	site	string	NA	The site where the transect was located.
data.monarch_2018	sky cover	string	NA	The sky cover is an approximation based on a likert scale of selectable descriptions of the cloud presence at the time of the survey start. It is a visual approximation done by the recording individual at the field site.
data.monarch_2018	solidago spp goldenrod	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	surround dom flower	string	NA	The surrounding dominant blooming flower is a single response parameter based on the observers visual evaluation of the field site transect. The dominant flower is a visual approximation and not on the results of the nectar resource transect.
data.monarch_2018	surround flower class	string	NA	The surrounding flower class is determined at the start of the survey through a brief visual scan of the entire transect. The observer approximates the percentage of the transect covered in blooming flowers.
data.monarch_2018	surround mw ramets	float	number	The surrounding milkweed ramet count refers to the number of individual common milkweed stems counted within a 5m wide swath that extends around the entire perimeter of the survey transect. The count is done by an individual who walks the entire perimeter while keeping a running tally of all the milkweed stems observed.
data.monarch_2018	survey date	dateTime	YYYY-MM-DD	The date was recorded according to the calendar date of the field survey and refers explicitly to the day the data was collected in the field.
data.monarch_2018	survey start time	dateTime	hh:mm:ss	Survey start time is the time of arrival of the field crew at each field site to begin the series of surveys.
data.monarch_2018	swamp milkweed ram	float	number	Swamp milkweed stems refers to the number of swamp milkweed stems (flowering or not) that are counted while doing the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	taraxacum officinale dandelion	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	temperature f	float	fahrenheit	The temperature was found using the weather app on a smart phone that uses location services to determine the user's current location and the temperature at the location.
data.monarch_2018	trifolium pratense red clover	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	trifolium repens white clover	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	verbena stricta hoary vervain	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2018	wind speed mph	float	milePerHour	The wind speed was collected using the weather app on a smart phone that uses location services to determine the user's current location and the wind speed at that location.
data.monarch_2018	year	float	number	The year of the study, beginning with year 1 in 2018.
data.monarch_2018	zizia aurea golden alexanders	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	aesclepias syriaca common milkweed	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	aquilegia spp columbine	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	asclepias incarnata swamp milkweed	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	asclepias tuberosa butterfly milkweed	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	chamaecrista fasciculata partridge pea	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	cichorium chickory	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	cirsium spp thistle	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	convolulus morning glory	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	coreopsis tripteris tall coreopsis	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	dalea purpurea purple clover	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	daucus carota queen annes lace	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	desmanthus illinoensis illinois bundleflower	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	desmodium canadense showy tick trefoil	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	echinacea pallida pale purple coneflower	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	erigeron annuus eastern daisy fleabane	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	eryngium yuccifolium rattlesnake master	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	helianthus grosseserratus sawtooth sunflower	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	heliopsis helianthoides ox-eye	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	lactuca serriola prickly lettuce	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	birdsfoot trefoil	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	liatris pycnostachya prairie blazing star	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	light pink sme con	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	lotus corniculatus birdsfoot trefoil	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	medicago lupulina black medic	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	medicago sativa alfalfa	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	melilotus officinalis yellow sweetclover	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	monarda fistulosa wild bergamot	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	pastinaca sativa wild parsnip	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	phlox pilosa prairie phlox	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	prairie strips	string	NA	Indicator for whether the site had prairie strips or not. Strips/control fields for the same site were located in the same county at least 3.2 km apart.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	purple 4 petal morpho smi	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	pycnanthemum virginianum virginia mountain mint	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	ratibida pinnata yellow coneflower	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	rosa multiflora multiflora rose	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	rudbeckia hirta black-eyed susan	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	rudbeckia triloba brown eyed susan	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	silphium laciniatum compass plant	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	silphium perfoliatum cup plant	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	siphium integrifolium rosinweed	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	site	string	NA	The site where the transect was located.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	solidago spp goldenrod	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	survey date	dateTime	YYYY-MM-DD	The date was recorded according to the calendar date of the field survey and refers explicitly to the day the data was collected in the field.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	symphyotrichum ericoides white heath aster	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	symphyotrichum laeve smooth blue aster	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	taraxacum officinale dandelion	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	tradescantia spp spiderwort	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	trifolium pratense red clover	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	trifolium repens white clover	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	verbena stricta hoary vervain	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	year	float	number	The year of the study, beginning with year 1 in 2018.
data.floral_counts_2018_2019_raw	zizia aurea golden alexanders	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	alfalfa	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	bee balm	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	black-eyed susan	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	black medic	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	brown-eyed susan	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	butterfly milkweed	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	butterfly milkweed ram	float	number	Butterfly milkweed stems refers to the number of butterfly milkweed stems (flowering or not) that are counted while doing the nectar resoure survey.
data.monarch_2019	canada thistle	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	chickory	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	columbine	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	common milkweed ram	float	number	Common milkweed stems refers to the number of common milkweed stems (flowering or not) that are counted while doing the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	compass plant	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	dandelion	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	eastern daisy fleabane	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	egg ct butterfly	float	number	The number of eggs counted on butterfly milkweed is determined by summing the total number of eggs observed on the 10 or fewer surveyed butterfly milkweed.
data.monarch_2019	egg ct common	float	number	The number of eggs counted on common milkweed is determined by summing the total number of eggs observed on the 10 or fewer surveyed common milkweed.
data.monarch_2019	egg ct swamp	float	number	The number of eggs counted on swamp milkweed is determined by summing the total number of eggs observed on the 10 or fewer surveyed swamp milkweed.
data.monarch_2019	extra monarch ct fluttering	float	number	Extra Monarch Count Fluttering is determined by the number of adult monarchs observed flying outside of the 20 minute observational survey anywhere in the prairie strip or control site (ditch or grass waterway). These individuals are not double counted in the timed observational survey.
data.monarch_2019	extra monarch ct nectaring	float	number	Extra Monarch Count Nectaring is determined by the number of adult monarchs observed nectaring outside of the 20 minute observational survey anywhere in the prairie strip or control site (ditch or grass waterway). These individuals are not double counted in the timed observational survey.
data.monarch_2019	golden alexander	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	illinois bundleflower	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	in plot monarch ct fluttering	float	number	In plot monarch count fluttering is the number of adult monarchs observed flying within the transect during the 20 min observational survey. This count is done by one individual who counts each individual that flies into the transect, without double counting any individuals.
data.monarch_2019	in plot monarch ct nectaring	float	number	The number of adult monarchs observed nectaring within the transect during the 20 min observational survey. This count is done by one individual who counts each individual that flies into the transect, without double counting any individuals.
data.monarch_2019	larvae ct butterfly	float	number	The number of larvae counted on butterfly milkweed is determined by summing the total number of larvae (all instars) that were observed on the 10 or fewer surveyed butterfly milkweed.
data.monarch_2019	larvae ct common	float	number	The number of larvae counted on common milkweed is determined by summing the total number of larvae (all instars) that were observed on the 10 or fewer surveyed common milkweed.
data.monarch_2019	larvae ct swamp	float	number	The number of larvae counted on swamp milkweed is determined by summing the total number of larvae (all instars) that were observed on the 10 or fewer surveyed swamp milkweed.
data.monarch_2019	light pink morpho smel con aug	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	morning glory	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	multiflora rose	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	number butterfly surveyed	float	number	Number of butterflymilkweed surveyed refers to the number of butterfly milkweed surveyed for larvae and eggs. This number cannot exceed 10.
data.monarch_2019	number common surveyed	float	number	Number of common milkweed surveyed refers to the number of common milkweed stems that were surveyed for larvae and eggs. This number cannot exceed 10.
data.monarch_2019	number swamp surveyed	float	number	Number of swamp milkweed surveyed refers to the number of swamp milkweed stems that were surveyed for larvae and eggs. This number cannot exceed 10.
data.monarch_2019	yellow sweetclover	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	out plot monarch ct fluttering	float	number	Out plot monarch count fluttering is the number of adult monarchs observed flying outside the transect during the 20 min observational survey. This count is done by one individual who counts each individual that flies somewhere outside the transect, but never within the transect, without double counting any individuals.
data.monarch_2019	out plot monarch ct nectaring	float	number	Out plot monarch count nectaring is the number of adult monarchs observed nectaring outside the transect during the 20 minute observational survey. This count is done by one indiviudal who counts each individual adult monarch that flies somewhere outside of the transect, but never into the transect, without double counting any individuals.
data.monarch_2019	ox-eye	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	partridge pea	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	purple 4 petal smith 1st round	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	purple clover	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	purple coneflower	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	purple vervain	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	queen anne's lace	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	rattlesnake master	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	red clover	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	rosinweed	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	showy tick trefoil	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	site	string	NA	The site where the transect was located.
data.monarch_2019	sky cover	string	NA	The sky cover is an approximation based on a likert scale of selectable descriptions of the cloud presence at the time of the survey start. It is a visual approximation done by the recording individual at the field site.
data.monarch_2019	spiderwort	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	stiff goldenrod	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	strips	string	NA	Indicator for whether the site had prairie strips or not. Strips/control fields for the same site were located in the same county at least 3.2 km apart.
data.monarch_2019	surround dom flower	string	NA	The surrounding dominant blooming flower is a single response parameter based on the observers visual evaluation of the field site transect. The dominant flower is a visual approximation and not on the results of the nectar resource transect.
data.monarch_2019	surround flower class	string	NA	The surrounding flower class is determined at the start of the survey through a brief visual scan of the entire transect. The observer approximates the percentage of the transect covered in blooming flowers.
data.monarch_2019	surround mw ramets	float	number	The surrounding milkweed ramet count refers to the number of individual common milkweed stems counted within a 5m wide swath that extends around the entire perimeter of the survey transect. The count is done by an individual who walks the entire perimeter while keeping a running tally of all the milkweed stems observed.
data.monarch_2019	survey date	dateTime	YYYY-MM-DD	The date was recorded according to the calendar date of the field survey and refers explicitly to the day the data was collected in the field.
data.monarch_2019	survey start time	dateTime	hh:mm:ss	Survey start time is the time of arrival of the field crew at each field site to begin the series of surveys.
data.monarch_2019	swamp milkweed	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	swamp milkweed ram	float	number	Swamp milkweed stems refers to the number of swamp milkweed stems (flowering or not) that are counted while doing the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	tall coreopsis	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	tall goldenrod	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	temperature f	float	fahrenheit	The temperature was found using the weather app on a smart phone that uses location services to determine the user's current location and the temperature at the location.
data.monarch_2019	virginia mountain mint	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	wild parsnip	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.monarch_2019	wind speed mph	float	milePerHour	The wind speed was collected using the weather app on a smart phone that uses location services to determine the user's current location and the wind speed at that location.
data.monarch_2019	year	float	number	The year of the study, beginning with year 1 in 2018.
data.monarch_2019	yellow coneflower	float	number	Count of flowers by species in the transect during the nectar resource survey.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	agapostemon texanus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	agapostemon virescens	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	andrena canadensis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	andrena krigiana	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	apis mellifera	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	augochlorella aurata	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	augochlorella pura	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	augochloropsis metallica	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	bombus auricomus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	bombus bimaculatus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	bombus fervidus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	bombus griseocollis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	bombus impatiens	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	bombus pensylvanicus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	bombus vagans	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	calliopsis andreniformis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	calliopsis nebraskensis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	ceratina dupla	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	ceratina mikmaqi	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	crop	string	NA	Crop refers to the annual crop, either corn of soybeans, grown directly adjacent to the bee bowls at the field site.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	crop stage	string	NA	Crop stage refers to the growth and development stage of the corn or soybeans grown directly adjacent to the bee bowls at the field site. It is a visual approximation, either done in-field, or using photographs taken of the crop plant by the field crew, using the Iowa State University crop staging guide.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	date bowlsin	dateTime	YYYY-MM-DD	Date bowls in refers to the date which the bee bowls were collected from the field.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	date bowlsout	dateTime	YYYY-MM-DD	Date bee bowl traps were deployed.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	dominant flowering species	string	NA	Dominant flowering species is a visual approximation done by the individual collecting the bee bowls from the field. It is an approximation of the most common flower in bloom at the field site.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	duforea novaeangliae	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	eristalinae	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	eucera hamata	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	halictus confusus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	halictus ligatus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	halictus parallelus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	halictus rubicundis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	hylaus spp	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	lasioglossum dialictus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	lasioglossum evylaeus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	lasioglossum hemihalictus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	megachile brevis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	megachile latimanus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	megachile pugnata	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	megachile relativa	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	melissodes agilis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	melissodes bimaculata	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	melissodes communis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	melissodes coreopsis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	melissodes dentriventis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	melissodes duriellus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	melissodes niveus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	melissodes trinodis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	melissodes vernoniae	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	mellisodes desponsa	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	nomia universitatis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	pseudoparangus albitarsis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	site	string	NA	The site where the bee bowls were deployed.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	sphecodes spp	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	strips	string	NA	Indicator for whether the site had prairie strips or not. Strips/control fields for the same site were located in the same county at least 3.2 km apart. In 2018, prairie sites ("p") were also sampled but later discontinued.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	svastra obliqua	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	temp bowlsin	float	fahrenheit	Temperature bowls in was collected at the time of bee bowl collection using a smart phone weather app with location services.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	temp bowlsout	float	fahrenheit	Temperature bowls out was collected at the time of bee bowl activation using a smart phone weather app with location services.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	time bowlsin	dateTime	hh:mm:ss	The time the bee bowl was closed and no longer trapping bees.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	time bowlsout	dateTime	hh:mm:ss	The time the bee bowl was opened and able to begin catching bees.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	toxomerus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	tripeolus cressonii	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	wind speed bowlsin	float	milePerHour	Wind speed bowls in was collected at the time of bee bowl collection using a smart phone weather app.
data.native_bee_2018_raw	wind speed bowlsout	float	milePerHour	Wind speed bowls out is the wind speed collected at the time of bee bowl activation using a smart phone weather app with locations services.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	agapostemon texanus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	agapostemon virescens	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	andrena crataegi	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	andrena cressonii	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	andrena geranii	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	andrena krigiana	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	apis mellifera	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	augochlorella aurata	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	augochlorella pura	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	augochloropsis metallica	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	bombus auricomus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	bombus bimaculatus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	bombus fervidus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	bombus fraternus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	bombus griseocollis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	bombus impatiens	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	bombus pensylvanicus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	bombus vagans	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	ceratina dupla	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	crop	string	NA	Crop refers to the annual crop, either corn of soybeans, grown directly adjacent to the bee bowls at the field site.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	crop stage	string	NA	Crop stage refers to the growth and development stage of the corn or soybeans grown directly adjacent to the bee bowls at the field site. It is a visual approximation, either done in-field, or using photographs taken of the crop plant by the field crew, using the Iowa State University crop staging guide.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	date bowlsin	dateTime	YYYY-MM-DD	Date bowls in refers to the date which the bee bowls were collected from the field.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	date bowlsout	dateTime	YYYY-MM-DD	Date bee bowl traps were deployed.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	dieunomia triangulifera	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	dominant flowering species	string	NA	Dominant flowering species is a visual approximation done by the individual collecting the bee bowls from the field. It is an approximation of the most common flower in bloom at the field site.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	eristalinae	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	eucera hamata	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	halictus confusus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	halictus ligatus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	halictus parallelus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	halictus rubicundis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	hylaeus messilae	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	lasioglossum dialictus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	megachile brevis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	megachile latimanus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	megachile pugnata	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	melissodes agilis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	melissodes bimaculata	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	melissodes communis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	melissodes desponsa	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	melissodes nivea	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	melissodes trinodis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	nomada spp	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	nomada superba	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	nomada vincta	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	nomia universitatis	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	perdita halictoides	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	site	string	NA	The site where the bee bowls were deployed.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	strips	string	NA	Indicator for whether the site had prairie strips or not. Strips/control fields for the same site were located in the same county at least 3.2 km apart. In 2018, prairie sites ("p") were also sampled but later discontinued.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	svastra obliqua	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	temp bowlsin	float	fahrenheit	Temperature bowls in was collected at the time of bee bowl collection using a smart phone weather app with location services.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	temp bowlsout	float	fahrenheit	Temperature bowls out was collected at the time of bee bowl activation using a smart phone weather app with location services.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	time bowlsin	dateTime	hh:mm:ss	The time the bee bowl was closed and no longer trapping bees.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	time bowlsout	dateTime	hh:mm:ss	The time the bee bowl was opened and able to begin catching bees.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	toxomerus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	tripeoulus lunatus	float	number	Count of bees by species or group collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	wind speed bowlsin	float	milePerHour	Wind speed bowls in was collected at the time of bee bowl collection using a smart phone weather app.
data.native_bee_2019_raw	wind speed bowlsout	float	milePerHour	Wind speed bowls out is the wind speed collected at the time of bee bowl activation using a smart phone weather app with locations services.
data.native_bee_family_data_2018	andrenidae	float	number	Aggregated count of bees by family collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_family_data_2018	apidae	float	number	Aggregated count of bees by family collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_family_data_2018	colletidae	float	number	Aggregated count of bees by family collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_family_data_2018	halictidae	float	number	Aggregated count of bees by family collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_family_data_2018	megachilidae	float	number	Aggregated count of bees by family collected during this deployment.
data.native_bee_family_data_2018	nad83 east offset	float	meter	Spatial coodinate (easting) for the transect. UTM NAD 1983 Zone 15N. Coordinates were anonymized by adding a single constant value to maintain internal consistancy but destroy absolute positional accuracy.
data.native_bee_family_data_2018	nad83 north offset	float	meter	Spatial coodinate (northing) for the transect. UTM NAD 1983 Zone 15N. Coordinates were anonymized by adding a single constant value to maintain internal consistancy but destroy absolute positional accuracy.
data.native_bee_family_data_2018	site name	string	NA	The site where the bee bowls were deployed.
data.native_bee_family_data_2018	strips y-n	string	NA	Indicator for whether the site had prairie strips or not. Strips/control fields for the same site were located in the same county at least 3.2 km apart.
data.native_bee_family_data_2018	survey date	dateTime	YYYY-MM-DD	DATE UNCLEAR, DOES NOT MATCH RAW DATA
data.syrphid_abundance_2019	count	float	number	Count of individual syrphids captured during this deployment.
data.syrphid_abundance_2019	site	string	NA	The site where the bee bowls were deployed.
data.syrphid_abundance_2019	site type	string	NA	Indicator for whether the site had prairie strips or not. Strips/control fields for the same site were located in the same county at least 3.2 km apart. In 2018, prairie sites ("p") were also sampled but later discontinued.
data.syrphid_abundance_2019	survey date	dateTime	YYYY-MM-DD	THESE DATES DO NOT MATCH RAW BEE BOWL DEPLOYMENT DATES.